Adverbs - Formation

Adverbs are expressions that function as modifiers of other elements in the clause. They can provide a wide range of information.

Adverbs can be formed from Adjectives according to their suffix. Below you can see the various cases of the formation of Adverbs.

Regular

Add -ly.

ADJECTIVE	ADVERB
Bad	Badly
Beautiful	Beautifully
Complete	Completely
Extreme	Extremely
Slow	Slowly

If an Adjective ends with “-y” we change it to “i” before adding -ly.

ADJECTIVE	ADVERB
Easy	Easily
Happy	Happily
Nasty	Nastily

If an Adjective ends with “consonant + -le“, “-e” becomes “-y“.

ADJECTIVE	ADVERB
Able	Ably
Idle	Idly
Noble	Nobly

If an Adjective ends witch “-ic“, we add “-ally“.

ADJECTIVE	ADVERB
Drastic	Drastically
Enthusiastic	Enthusiastically
Tragic	Tragically

Irregular

ADJECTIVE	ADVERB
Full	Fully
True	Truly
Shy	Shyly
Public	Publicly

“Friendly” and “Timely” are Adjectives and if we want to use them as Adverbs, we follows this structure:

Friendly > in a friendly manner;
Timely > in a timely manner.

He was answering slowly.
I will happily accept the wine they give to me.
You idly ate that tin of tuna.
They enthusiastically made a jar of marmalade.
She shyly asked a question.
We offered her some orange juice in a friendly manner.

Adverbs have several rules for creation but also many irregularities. How to use them and further irregularities can be found in the related pages.

Adverbs are expressions that function as modifiers of other elements in the clause. When we make Adverbs from Adjectives we follow a general rule. There are also many irregularities.

For example:
— Add -ly: “I wrapped a box of biscuits beautifully.” = Generally we form an Adverb by adding -ly.
— Adjective ending with -y: “I can easily drink alcoholic drinks.” = We change -y to -i and add -ly.
— Consonant + -le: “The knight who nobly fought was thirsty.” = -e at the end becomes -y.
— Adjective ending with -ic: “Steak prices drastically changed.” = Adjective takes -ally to become an Adverb.

Let’s revise this content within the [Form] section. And take a look to the [Examples] that show its use within a context.

Under the following terms:

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:

Non-commercial use means that users may not sell, profit from, or commercialize Books for Languages’ materials or works derived from them. That said, we have found that there are certain “gray areas” in interpreting the non-commercial provision of Creative Commons license. The guidelines below are intended to help users determine whether or not their use of Books for Languages’ materials would be permitted under the “non-commercial” restriction. Note that there are additional requirements (attribution and share alike) spelled out in our license.

Commercialization is prohibited. Users may not directly sell or profit from Books for Languages’ materials or from works derived from Books for Languages’ materials.

Example: A commercial education or training business may not offer courses based on Books for Languages’ materials if students pay a fee for those courses and the business intends to profit as a result.

Determination of commercial vs. non-commercial purpose is based on the use, not the user. Materials may be used by individuals, institutions, governments, corporations, or other business whether for-profit or non-profit so long as the use itself is not a commercialization of the materials or a use that is directly intended to generate sales or profit.

Example: A corporation may use Books for Languages’ materials for internal professional development and training purposes.

Incidental charges to recover reasonable reproduction costs may be permitted. Recovery of nominal actual costs for copying small amounts (under 100 copies) of Books for Languages’ content on paper or CDs is allowed for educational purposes so long as there is no profit motive and so long as the intended use of the copies is in compliance with all license terms. Students must be informed that the materials are freely available on the Books for Languages’ site and that their purchase of copied materials is optional.

Example: An institution in a remote area has limited Internet access and limited network infrastructure on campus, and a professor offers to create CDs of Books for Languages’ materials relevant to his/her course. The professor may recover the costs of creating the CDs.

katerina