katerina

Comparatives

Adjectives

Comparative Adjectives/Adverbs are used to make a comparison between two things, people or actions, expressing the equalities or inequalities between them. {see Comparatives, A1 Level}

Comparative of Equality (as…as/clause).

We usually find this structure in its three forms:

Affirmative

The Comparative of Equality in its Affirmative form has this structure:
Subject + verb + as + adjective/adverb + as + object;
Subject + verb + as + adjective/adverb + noun + as + object.

Negative

The Comparative of Equality in its Negative form has this structure:
Subject + verb + not + as + adjective/adverb + as + object;
Subject + verb + not + as + adjective/adverb + noun + as + object.

Interrogative

The Comparative of Equality in its Interrogative form has this structure:
Verb + subject + as + adjective/adverb + as + object + …?
Verb + subject + as + adjective/adverb + noun + as + object + …?

  1. Identical things
    • This box of biscuits is as big as mine.
    • This restaurant makes as good food as my mom.
  2. Different things
    • A kilo of potatoes is not as expensive as a kilo of steaks.
    • I have as cold champagne as you.
  3. Asking information about equality/inequality
    • Is this box of biscuits as big as mine?
    • Have I as cold champagne as you?

We use the Comparative of Equality (as…as/clause) to make comparisons:

  1. Talk about identical things (Affirmative);
  2. Talk about different things (Negative);
  3. Ask information about equality/inequality (Interrogative).

When we wish to highlight the equality or inequality between two things, people or actions, we use the Comparative of Equality (or the as…as/clause) and Comparative Adjectives.

  • Affirmative:
    Subject + verb + as + adjective/adverb + as + object;
    Subject + verb + as + adjective/adverb + noun + as + object;
  • Negative:
    Subject + verb + not + as + adjective/adverb + as + object;
    Subject + verb + not + as + adjective/adverb + noun + as + object;
  • Interrogative:
    Verb + subject + as + adjective/adverb + as + object + …?
    Verb + subject + as + adjective/adverb + noun + as + object + …?

For example:
— “My doll is as lovely as yours.” = It declares an equality between two things.
— “I am not as beautiful as you are.” = It declares an inequality between two subjects.

Let’s revise this content within the [Form] section. Take a look at the [Example] section that shows its use within a context.

If you are an educator, you are free to:

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:

Non-commercial use means that users may not sell, profit from, or commercialize Books for Languages’ materials or works derived from them. That said, we have found that there are certain “gray areas” in interpreting the non-commercial provision of Creative Commons license. The guidelines below are intended to help users determine whether or not their use of Books for Languages’ materials would be permitted under the “non-commercial” restriction. Note that there are additional requirements (attribution and share alike) spelled out in our license.

Commercialization is prohibited. Users may not directly sell or profit from Books for Languages’ materials or from works derived from Books for Languages’ materials.

Example: A commercial education or training business may not offer courses based on Books for Languages’ materials if students pay a fee for those courses and the business intends to profit as a result.

Determination of commercial vs. non-commercial purpose is based on the use, not the user. Materials may be used by individuals, institutions, governments, corporations, or other business whether for-profit or non-profit so long as the use itself is not a commercialization of the materials or a use that is directly intended to generate sales or profit.

Example: A corporation may use Books for Languages’ materials for internal professional development and training purposes.

Incidental charges to recover reasonable reproduction costs may be permitted. Recovery of nominal actual costs for copying small amounts (under 100 copies) of Books for Languages’ content on paper or CDs is allowed for educational purposes so long as there is no profit motive and so long as the intended use of the copies is in compliance with all license terms. Students must be informed that the materials are freely available on the Books for Languages’ site and that their purchase of copied materials is optional.

Example: An institution in a remote area has limited Internet access and limited network infrastructure on campus, and a professor offers to create CDs of Books for Languages’ materials relevant to his/her course. The professor may recover the costs of creating the CDs.

Pressbooks: Simple Book Production