Intensifiers & Mitigators

Adverbs

Adverbs - вирази,які мають функцію модифікаторів інших елементів речення.Вони можуть надавати широкий спектр інформації. в деяких випадках, нам вони потрібні,щоб наголосити слова і вирази або зробити акцент не так сильно.

Ми зазвичай вживаємо Intensifiers для першої мети і Mitigators для іншої.

EXTRA: Adverbs = Прислівники; Intensifiers = Підсилювачі.

Нижче є список найбільш вживаних Intensifiers і Mitigators.

INTENSIFIERS	MITIGATORS
Really Absolutely Very Extremely Incredibly Particularly	Quite Fairly Pretty (informal) Rather

Intensifiers

The climate was really dry.
It is absolutely impossible to win at most carnival games.
He was very helpful.
The view is extremely beautiful.
We came incredibly close to falling of the stairs.
These drawings are particularly good.

Mitigators

The view was quite good, but not breathtaking.
These crystals are fairly bright.
It is pretty expensive, but I’m still going to buy it.
I’m rather bored.

Intensifiers вживаються,коли ми хочемо підсилити слова або вирази.

Mitigators вживаються,коли ми хочемо послабити слова і вирази.

Будь ласка зауважте,що коли quite вживається зі сильними прикметниками, його вважають intensifier.

Прислівники є важливими, оскільки вони змінюють інші елементи речення.В англійській мові ми вживаємо прислівники, які називаються Intensifiers щоб наголосити слова або вирази і прислівники ,які називаються Mitigators щоб зробити акцент на цих словах і виразах не так сильно.

Найбільш вживані Intensifiers: Really, absolutely, very, extremely, incredibly і particularly.
Найбільш вживані Mitigators: Fairly, rather, quite і pretty.

Наприклад:
— “I am fairly sure that he is lying.” = Слабкий.
— “I am absolutely sure he is lying.” = Сильний.

Переглянемо цей контент у розділі [Form]. Перегляньте у розділі [Example], який показує його вживання у контексті.

Under the following terms:

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:

Non-commercial use means that users may not sell, profit from, or commercialize Books for Languages’ materials or works derived from them. That said, we have found that there are certain “gray areas” in interpreting the non-commercial provision of Creative Commons license. The guidelines below are intended to help users determine whether or not their use of Books for Languages’ materials would be permitted under the “non-commercial” restriction. Note that there are additional requirements (attribution and share alike) spelled out in our license.

Commercialization is prohibited. Users may not directly sell or profit from Books for Languages’ materials or from works derived from Books for Languages’ materials.

Example: A commercial education or training business may not offer courses based on Books for Languages’ materials if students pay a fee for those courses and the business intends to profit as a result.

Determination of commercial vs. non-commercial purpose is based on the use, not the user. Materials may be used by individuals, institutions, governments, corporations, or other business whether for-profit or non-profit so long as the use itself is not a commercialization of the materials or a use that is directly intended to generate sales or profit.

Example: A corporation may use Books for Languages’ materials for internal professional development and training purposes.

Incidental charges to recover reasonable reproduction costs may be permitted. Recovery of nominal actual costs for copying small amounts (under 100 copies) of Books for Languages’ content on paper or CDs is allowed for educational purposes so long as there is no profit motive and so long as the intended use of the copies is in compliance with all license terms. Students must be informed that the materials are freely available on the Books for Languages’ site and that their purchase of copied materials is optional.

Example: An institution in a remote area has limited Internet access and limited network infrastructure on campus, and a professor offers to create CDs of Books for Languages’ materials relevant to his/her course. The professor may recover the costs of creating the CDs.

katerina